Background and Aim: Inhalation of nebulized baking soda (NaHco3) has been ef fective for reducing the Inf lammation intensity in some Respiratory disorders. COVID-19 Infection may result in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) through activation of Inf lammatory factors and has no certain treatment. Some-times in cyberspace, inhalation of baking soda vapor has been recommended to prevent the development of COVID-19. The present study intends to answ er this question that may inhalation of baking soda vapor be ef fective to control Respiratory symptoms in COVID-19 patients? Materials and Methods: This is a review study. Searching key-w ords in valid scientif ic databases and collecting contents related to the topic and f inally qualitative analysis w as the method of this study. Findings: Through using nebulized drugs, aerosols enter to Respiratory tract. According to particle size, some other physical characters and also Respiratory tract factors, particles deposition in Respiratory tract is dif ferent. In traditional (homemade) steam inhalation, aerosols are not produced and w ater vapor and vapor of other soluble substances, if they have the ability to evaporate in thus situation, enters to the Respiratory tract. According to some studies, nebulized baking soda inhalation, not vapor of its solution in w ater, has reduced Respiratory tract Inf lammation through elevating airw ay pH, increasing airw ay blood f low and reducing sputum viscosity, successfully. Evaporating of baking soda solution during traditional steam inhalation, result in producing carbon dioxide and w ater and there is no NaHco3 molecule in vapor. Ethical Considerations: In compiling this study, the principle of f idelity and honesty of quoting the used texts and avoidance of personal Inference f rom analysis have been observed. Conclusion: No Sodium Bicarbonate molecule is produced f rom evaporating of NaHco3 solution through traditional (homemade) steam inhalation of baking soda; so, despite of nebulized baking soda w hich has NaHco3 molecule, evaporated baking soda solution could not show anti-Inf lammatory ef fects; so, theoretically, steam inhalation of baking soda could not be ef fective in COVID-19 Infection. On the other hand, using inhaled drugs in COVID-19 Infection may lead to further spread of the disease. So, using inhaled nebulized baking soda in COVID-19 patients should be studied for both its ef f icacy and its safety. More studies about both nebulized and evaporated baking soda on COVID-19 Infection are recommended.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Mycotoxin Binder Toxeat® in reducing the negative effects of aflatoxin on the expression of Infγ and Infα genes and serum levels of IL2 and IL6 in broiler chicks. 300 oneday-old (Cobb 500) broiler chicks were used. They were randomly assigned to six treatments, 5 replicates and 10 birds in each unit. Experimental treatments included: Base diet (T1), Base diet+1 mg/kg of aflatoxin (T2), T2+1 g/kg Toxeat® (T3), T2+2 g/kg Toxeat® (T4), T2+3 g/kg Toxeat® (T5), T2+1 g/kg Toxeat® without inorganic section (sodium-calcium hydrated aluminosilicate hydrate) (T6). On day 42 livers were collected (3 per treatment) to evaluate changes in the expression of Infγ and Infα genes after reverse transcription of RNA extracted from liver tissue were taken. The results of this study showed that the expression of Infγ and Infα genes were different in all experimental treatments, so that the expression of Infγ gene increased significantly in treatment 3 compared to other treatments (P <0. 05). Also, expression of Infα gene in Myxotoxin Binder Toxeat® receiving treatments increased significantly compared with the control group (P <0. 05). In the study of IL6 serum concentration showed a significant difference between treatments (P <0. 05) but there was no significant difference in IL2 serum concentration between treatments (P> 0. 05). Generally, the results of the study showed that diet supplements with Mycotoxin Binder Toxeat® could be effective in controlling the undesirable effects of Aflatoxin, it has an effect on gene expression and production and secretion of cytokines resulting in a reduction in the mortality of broiler chicks by improving the immune response.

The concept of the Sombor index was extended by Reti et. al. [1] by introducing a pSombor index which can be seen as the p norm of the vector x = (d(u), d(v)) as p → ∞, ∥x∥∞ = max{d(u), d(v)}. Inspired by this, we defined indices namely, Reformulated Inf- Sombor index, Entire Inf-Sombor index, and KG Inf-Sombor index. Also, we present lower and upper bounds by using some graph parameters and obtain exact values of these new topological indices in some graph families. Further, we evaluated the statistical behavior of these indices after computing index values for different types of dendrimers for various growth values k.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a type of acute viral pneumonia, which began with a sudden outbreak in Wuhan, China. Although closely related to severe acute Respiratory syndrome, severe acute Respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory syndrome (MERS), the disease excessive transmission rate distinguishes it from other viral pneumonia diseases. The pulmonary complications and Infections caused by this virus, as well as the lack of specific therapeutic have caused one of the most complicated epidemics of the last century. In this review article, we attempted to discuss and describe the latest findings of immunopathogenesis, as well new and applicable treatments for coronavirus disease.